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Half of Americans close to retirement haven't saved for it
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Baby boomers are facing fewer pensions than previous generations. In 1975, most workers with pensions had a guaranteed lifetime benefit, but today, most retirement plans, like 401(k)s, are based on a worker's contributions. - photo by Lane Anderson
As baby boomers roll toward retirement, half of them don't have retirement savings, according to a new report from the U.S. Government Accountability Office.

Fifty-two percent of households 55 and older haven't saved a dollar for retirement, according to the study, although half of those do have a pension. Among the 48 percent that report some retirement savings, the median amount is $104,000 for households age 55-64, or about $310 a month.

Older households, age 65-74, have higher savings at $148,000 or $649 a month, which still offers little on which to live.

Baby boomers are facing fewer pensions than previous generations. In 1975, most workers with pensions had a guaranteed lifetime benefit, but today, most retirement plans, like 401(k)s, are based on a worker's contributions, and offer no guarantee of lifetime income.

"Many boomers are probably realizing, 'Yikes, it's up to me,'" Cathy Weatherford, president of the Insured Retirement Institute, told CNBC.

"They're probably asking themselves, 'How can I make this money last?'" She said. "Unfortunately, for many of us I think the answer is 'I'm not so sure.'"

An IRI survey in April found 27 percent of baby boomers are confident they will have money to last through their retirement, down from 37 percent in 2011. Many older people have struggled to make ends meet during and after the recession, leaving little extra to sock away for retirement savings.

Almost a quarter of baby boomers said they have difficulty paying for a mortgage or rent in the past 12 months, according to the IRI survey, and 36 percent said they plan to retire at 70 or later, up from 19 percent in 2011.

The GOA report shines a light on the problem of Social Security funding, as the program's trust fund is set to run out of money in 2034, when incoming payroll taxes won't be able to cover all scheduled benefits. About 40 percent of households age 65-74 receive most of their income from Social Security, according to the report, at an average of about $1,287 per month.

America's oldest population those 75 and older rely even more on Social Security, for 61 percent of their income.

Senator Bernie Sanders, who is running on the Democratic ticket for the presidential nomination, had requested the report.

"This report makes it clear that there is a retirement crisis in America today," Sanders said in response to the report. "At a time when half of all older workers have no retirement savings, we need to expand, not cut, Social Security benefits so that every American can retire with dignity."

Many lack the financial know-how and started planning too late, Annamaria Lusardi, academic director of the Global Financial Literacy Excellence Center, told CNBC. "Only 46 percent say they have ever tried to figure out."

"If it is hard to support 30 years of retirement with a 40-year career, if you start at age 50, of course, it is going to be really, really hard," she said.
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Book review: Author digs into mining's complicated past and present in 'River of Lost Souls'
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Jonathan Thompson will speak about his book "River of Lost Souls" at the King's English Bookshop on Tuesday, April 3 at 7 p.m. - photo by Amanda Olson
"RIVER OF LOST SOULS: The Science, Politics, and Greed Behind the Gold King Mine Spill," by Jonathan Thompson, Torrey House Press, 275 pages (nf)

Plenty has been written about the very small world of a mining town and the very broad reach of a beleaguered industry. From Loretta Lynns iconic song "Coal Miners Daughter," to the 2010 nail-biting coverage of 33 trapped Chilean miners, to the hit Broadway musicals "Paint Your Wagon" and "Billy Elliot," mining is a global story, and its one of heartbreak, hard work and hard times.

Jonathan Thompsons "River of Lost Souls" examines the many facets of risk involved in taking resources from below the earths surface. An environmental journalist, Thompson has reported on southwest Colorado for over 20 years. This book is special, however, because the Four Corners area of Colorado is his current and ancestral home. Thompson is writing about minings ecological, social, financial and political impact on his land, his landscape, his water, his people. That makes "River of Lost Souls" more than a regular reporting job.

Thompson begins with the Gold King Mine wastewater disaster of 2015, which the EPA caused while attempting to drain water near the mines entrance. The spill sent 3 million gallons of waste and tailings into Cement Creek, a tributary of the Animas River and part of the San Juan River watershed which drains into the Colorado, affecting the Utah, Colorado and New Mexico parts of that watershed as well as the Navajo Nation.

From there, Thompson jumps into far stretches of time to 1765, when a Spanish explorer named the Animas River; to 10,000 years earlier, when Paleo-Indians roamed the rivers valley; to the meridian of time, when the ancestors of the Zuni, Hopi and Rio Grande Pueblo people inhabited the land for 500 years; to the mid-1800s and the Swedes who came to Silverton, Colorado, to mine.

Its a grand scope, but telling any story of landscape is telling a very grand story.

It also makes a complex story difficult to follow. Thompsons time warps are important, but they are jarring. His time jumps need clear dates, and Thompson doesnt always make them available. A map would also be useful. Thompsons writing is good, but his sentences can be dense and require readers to do their own mining for the riches the writing embeds. The work is worthwhile, however, as there are many moving parts in any story about mines land, culture, policy, history, money, inevitable disaster and Thompson works to examine all of them.

"River of Lost Souls" is a thoughtful read, but not a quick one. Because Thompsons writings come from 20 years of his newspaper reports, the overall feeling can be disjointed and sparse, which is distracting if one is expecting to follow a tenable thread. This is not a typical narrative with a cast of characters and a traditional story arc. Readers should approach this text as the investigation it is: puzzle pieces of a larger-than-life story that is eons old. If you are the kind of reader who wants it laid out cleanly, this is not that book. But, to Thompsons point, nothing is clean about mining that has never been the case.

Thompsons best writing is in his descriptions of people and places. His telling of how he came to Silverton is familiar and engaging. If readers approach the book with care and attention, they will be rewarded with savoring these descriptive passages when they happen.
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